Comma Johanneum/1 John 5:7,8
"And there are three who give testimony in heaven, the Father,
the Word, and the Holy Ghost. And these three are one."(1 John 5:7,8 King
James Version,Catholic Douay-Rheims Version).
Regarding this Trinitarian passage, textual critic F. H. A.
Scrivener wrote:
“We need not hesitate to declare our conviction that the disputed
words were not written by St. John: that they were originally brought into
Latin copies in Africa from the margin, where they had been placed as a
pious and orthodox gloss on ver. 1Jo 5:8: that from the Latin they crept
into two or three late Greek codices, and thence into the printed Greek
text, a place to which they had no rightful claim.”—A Plain Introduction
to the Criticism of the New Testament (Cambridge, 1883, third ed.), p.
654.
But what of what John Gill says in his Exposition of the New
Testament? In it he writes:
"As to its being wanting in some Greek Manuscripts, as the
Alexandrian and others, it need only be said that it is to be found in
many others; it is in an old British copy, and in the Complutensian edition,
the compilers of which made use of various copies; and out of sixteen ancient
copies of Robert Stephens' , nine of them had it: and as to its not being
cited by some of the ancient Fathers, this can be no sufficient proof
of the spuriousness of it, since it might be in the original copy, though
not in the copies used by them, through the carelessness or unfaithfulness
of transcribers; or it might be in their copies, and yet not cited by them,
they having scripture enough without it to defend the doctrine of the Trinity,
and the divinity of Christ: and yet after all, certain it is, that it is
cited by many of them; by Fulgentius in the beginning of the sixth century,
against the Arians, without any scruple or hesitation; and Jerome, as had
been observed before it in his translation made in the latter part of the
fourth century. In his epistle to Eustochium prefixed to his translation
of the canonical epistles, he complains of the omission of it by unfaithful
interpreters. It is cited by Athanasius about the year 350; and before
him by Cyprian, in the middle of the 3rd century, about the year 250; and
is referred to by Tertullian about the year 200; and which was within 100
years, or a little more, of the writing of the epistle; which may be enough
to satisfy anyone of the genuineness of the passage; and besides there
was never any dispute over it till Erasmus left it out of the first edition
of his translation of the New Testament; and yet he himself upon the credit
of the old British copy before mentioned, put it into another edition of
his translation."
So what is wrong with the above
quote?
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Gill lived in the 18th century, most of the ancient texts where unknown
in his day.
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The Comma Johanneum is not in "many other Greek Manuscripts.
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It is not in 9 of the 16 used by Stephanus.
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It was found in 4 Greek manuscripts that popped up after Erasmus's 2nd
edition.
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The "ancient" copies of Stephanus did not predate the 10th century.
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The "old British Copy" was miniscule 61, which was written after Erasmus's
2nd edition, apparently so that he was forced to include it in his later
editions.
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Erasmus protested that he was forced to include it under duress.*
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Erasmus claimed the comma johanneum was not original.
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The Fathers cited by Gill were not citing scripture.
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The comma johanneum did not become established until the 5th Century.
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It does not appear in Jerome`s Vulgate(Gill didn`t know that there were
revisions made after Jerome.["This passage is absent from the original
Vulgate, but later found its way into the Latin text and is present in
the Clementine edition." The English Bible, F.F. Bruce p.204]
-
The comma johanneum doesn`t appear in the Vulgate until the 9th
century.
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In the Eastern Church(orthodox) where Greek was still being used, not ONE
manuscript had the comma johanneum.
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The Complutensian edition included the comma johanneum because it
found it in the Vulgate, not any greek manuscript that we know of.
-
In the fourth century C.E., in a Latin treatise, an overzealous advocate
of
the newly framed Trinity teaching evidently included the words "in
heaven,
the Father, the Word, and the holy spirit; and these three are one"
as if
these were a quotation from 1 John 5:7. Later that passage crept right
into
a Latin bible Manuscript. It appears in cursive mss No. 61 (16th century)
and No. 629 (in Latin and Greek, 14th to 15th century) and Vgc (Latin
Vulgate, Clementine recension).
*Erasmus was attacked for not adding the Comma Johanneum(1John 5:7,8).
He answered that he had not found the words in any greek manuscript, including
several he examined after publishing his editions. But he unwisely said
that he would insert the Comma Johanneum in future editions if a greek
manuscript could be found that contained the spurious passage. Interestingly,
one was found, or made, that contained the words. The manuscript was made
by a Franciscan friar named Froy(or Roy) in 1520 A.D. Erasmus kept his
word and added the passage in his 3rd edition, but he added a long footnote
expressing his suspicion that the manuscript had been prepared just so
to confute him.
Also,
&nbs