Refuting Universalism-What does the Bible mean by ALL?
An Answer to Tentmaker.org
"For as IN ADAM all die, even so IN CHRIST all shall be made alive." 1 Cor 15:22 (NKJV)
Gary A: "There is only one translation which had the audacity to put into print that which many Christian teachers, pastors, and commentators imply and that is the Jehovah's Witnesses New Testament. What orthodoxy adds in their commentaries, the Jehovah's Witnesses' put directly into the text. Their translation reads,
"And yet I, if I am lifted up from the earth, will draw men of all sorts to me."
Yet it is rather peculiar that in their Interlinear Translation, the word "sorts" does not appear in their word-for-word translation. Therefore, we can conclude that they did not get "sorts" from the Greek. They got it from their twisted theology, just like every other denomination which refuses to believe that Jesus is indeed the Savior of the whole world.
Some will say that "PANTAS" (transliterated: pantas, all) which is a masculine accusative plural adjective from "PAS" (transliterated: pas) does not really mean all mankind. Well let us see. The Expositor's Greek Testament on page 504 in Volume 3 renders it "The universe in its widest sense regarded as a collective whole."  Professor John Eadie, professor of Biblical Literature in the United Presbyterian Divinity Hall renders it, "The universe, the whole that exists, all things, whether they be things on earth, or in heaven." (Taken from Commentary of the Epistle of Paul to the Colossians, page 52, 73)  Dr. J.B. Lightfoot D.D., D.C.L., L.L.D. speaking of the phrase "ta panta" says, "The whole universe or things, material as well as spiritual, shall be restored to harmony to God." (St. Paul's Epistles to the Colossians and Philemon, page 160 by Dr. Lightfoot)  "Ta panta is the existing all, the totality of things [The universe, Alford-R], panta would be all that actually is." (Winer's Grammar p.105)  I think mankind certainly falls within the parameter of the universe, don't you think?
Reply: Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament Based on Semantic Domains Volume 1 By: Louw & Nida says of PAS, PASA and PAN, "a totality of kinds or sorts-'every kind of,' 'all sorts of.'"
"Everything belonging, in kind, to the class designated by the noun, every kind of, all sorts of..." BDAG p. 784
This lexicon gives the following as some examples:
Mt. 4:23,
QERAPEUWN PASAN NOSON KAI PASAN MALAKIAN EN TW LAW
"healing every disease and every infirmity among the people." Revised Standard Version (RSV)
"curing every sort of disease and every sort of infirmity among the people." NWT
"curing all kinds of disease and ailments among the people." New Jerusalem Bible (NJB)

Mt. 23:27,
PASHS AKAQARSIAS
"all uncleanness" RSV
"every sort of uncleanness" NWT
"every kind of corruption" NJB

Acts 13:10,
W PLHRHS PANTOS DOLOU KAI PASHS RADIOURGIAS
"full of all deceit and all recklessness" RSV
"full of every sort of fraud and every sort of villainy" NWT
"full of all kinds of evil tricks" Today's English Version (TEV)

1 Cor. 6:18,
PAN AMARTHMA O EAN POIHSH ANQRWPOS EKTOS TOU SWMATOS ESTIN
"Every sin, whatever a man may do, is outside the body"
"Every other sin that a man may commit is outside his body" NWT
"ALL other sins a man commits are outside his body" New International Version (NIV)

Eph. 4:19,
PAREDWKAN TH ASELGEIA EIS ERGASIAN AKAQARSIAS PASHS EN PLEONEXIA
"every kind of uncleanness" RSV
"uncleanness of every sort with greediness." NWT

Eph. 5:3,
PORNEIA DE KAI AKAQARSIA PASA H PLEONEXIA MHDE ONOMAZESQW EN UMIN
"But fornication and all impurity or covetousness must not even be named among you, as is fitting among saints." RSV
"Let fornication and uncleanness of every sort or greediness not even be mentioned among YOU" NWT

Titus 1:16,
QEON OMOLOGOUSIN EIDENAI TOIS DE ERGOIS ARNOUNTAI BDELUKTOI ONTES KAI APEIQEIS KAI PROS PAN ERGON AGAQON ADOKIMOI
"They profess to know God, but they deny him by their deeds; they are detestable, disobedient, unfit for any good deed." RSV
"They publicly declare they know God, but they disown him by their works, because they are detestable and disobedient and not approved for good work of any sort." NWT

Vine's Dictionary says of PAS, "Used without the article it means 'every,' every kind or variety."
The UBS Greek New Testament Dictionary says of PAS, PASA, PAN, gen. PANTOS, PASHS, PANTOS "without the article *each*...*every kind of.*"
None of the above examples have a definite article with PAS, and neither does John 12:32 or Romans 5:18.
The argument that Gary puts forth for TA PANTA, has no bearing on the argument.
Let us take a look at some examples of PAS et al in Scripture to see how it holds up.  Many think "all" as is commonly referred to in the Bible is "all, with no exceptions."  This is clearly refuted by many of the following verses, as taken here from Rotherham Bible:
Matt 10:22 "And ye will be hated by all (PANTWN), because of my name." Those IN Christ will not really be hated by ALL, only those in opposition to them.
Matt 12:31 "All (PASA) sin and profane speaking, shall be forgiven unto men,-but, the speaking profanely of the Spirit, shall not be forgiven"
"ALL" here in Matthew 12:31 is used with an exception---the exception of blasphemy against the spirit.
Matt 21:22 "And, all (PANTA) things whatsoever ye shall ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive."
Does ALL THINGS include evil things?
Matt 26:33 "Now Peter, answering, said unto him-Though, all (PANTES), shall find cause of stumbling in thee, I, shall never find cause of stumbling."
The ALL here does not include Peter.
Matt 27:25 "And all (PAS) the people, answering, said-His blood be upon us and upon our children!"
The ALL here does not include Jesus' disciples.
Mark 1:5 "and there were going out unto him all (PASA) the Judaea country and all (PANTES) they of Jerusalem, and were being immersed by him in the Jordan river, openly confessing their sins"
Not everyone in Judaea and Jerusalem were actually baptized, but only those from those regions in the immediate vicinity.
Mark 3:28 "Verily, I say unto you-All (PANTA) things shall be forgiven unto the sons of men,-the sins and the profanities wherewithal they shall profane"
That would be ALL except sins against the spirit (Mark 3:29, Matthew 12:31; Luke 12:10.)
Mark 5:20 "And he departed, and began proclaiming, in the Decapolis, how many things Jesus had done for him,-and, all (PANTES), were marveling."
All, except his enemies, like the Pharisees.
Luke 2:1 "Now it came to pass, in those days, that there went forth a decree from Caesar Augustus, for all (PASAN) the inhabited earth to be enrolled"
"All" the inhabited earth was not registered by Caesar. Caesar did not rule the entire world.
Luke 3:6 "And all (PASA) flesh shall see the salvation of God."
"All" here pertains only to Jews and Gentiles that will hear the message of salvation.
Luke 21:29 "See the fig-tree, and all (PANTA) the trees"
ALL the trees here excludes the fig-tree.
Acts 2:17 "And it shall be, in the last days saith God, I will pour out of my Spirit upon
all (PASAN) flesh; And your sons and your daughters shall prophesy..."
Here, again, "ALL" is used in a more restricted sense. The Spirit will hardly be poured out upon "ALL flesh" PASAN SARKA, since this verse refers exclusively to those IN Christ in the upper room.
Rom 9:6 "not all (PANTES) they who are of Israel, the same are Israel."
There are different kinds of ALL here. Some are Jews, some are Gentiles.
1 Cor 10:33 "Even as I please all (PANTA) men in all things, not seeking my own profit, but the profit of many, that they may be saved."
Paul did not please "all men", as some men put him in prisons and wanted him dead. But he could say he pleased all kinds of men.
2 Cor 3:2 "Our letter, ye, are, inscribed in our hearts, noted and read by all (PANTWN) men"
Did ALL men really read Paul's letter?
Php 2:21 "For, they all (PANTES), their own things do seek, not the things of Christ Jesus"
The ALL here refers to those outside the faith, not those IN Christ.
Col 1:20 "And, through him, fully to reconcile all (TA PANTA) things unto him."
I think it is safe to say that Satan and his demons are exempt here, even though PANTA is used with the definite article (TA PANTA).
1 Tim 6:10 "For the love of money is the root of all (PANTWN) evil" KJV, but ASV has "For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil." The ASV is accurate, as the love of money is NOT the roots of ALL evil, but many types of evil.
2 Tim 1:15 "You are aware of the fact that all (PANTES) who are in Asia turned away from me, among whom are Phygelus and Hermogenes."--NASB
Not ALL the people in Asia turned away, though alot of them did. This passage refers specifically to certain Christians.

Let us look at all uses of TA PANTA in the NWT:
Mark 4:11 "And he proceeded to say to them: "To YOU the sacred secret of the kingdom of God has been given, but to those outside all things (TA PANTA) occur in illustrations."
Acts 17:25 "And he proceeded to say to them: "To YOU the sacred secret of the kingdom of God has been given, but to those outside all things (TA PANTA) occur in illustrations"
Romans 8:32 "He who did not even spare his own Son but delivered him up for us all, why will he not also with him kindly give us all other things (TA PANTA)?"
[The NWT in Romans 8:32 has added the "other," for the reason that the Scripture differentiates the Son, who was already given, with "all other things." Nothing is lost though by removing the "other."]
Romans 11:36 "Because from him and by him and for him are all things (TA PANTA). To him be the glory forever. Amen."
1 Cor 8:6 "there is actually to us one God the Father, out of whom all things (TA PANTA) are"
1 Cor 8:6 "and there is one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things (TA PANTA) are, and we through him."
1 Cor 12:6 "and there are varieties of operations, and yet it is the same God who performs all (TA PANTA) the operations in all persons (EN PASIN)." [Here the Greek does not use TA PANTA for "all persons."]
1 Cor 15:27, 28 "For [God] "subjected all things (PANTA) under his feet." But when he says that 'all things (PANTA) have been subjected,' it is evident that it is with the exception of the one who subjected all things (TA PANTA) to him.  But when all things (TA PANTA) will have been subjected to him, then the Son himself will also subject himself to the One who subjected all things (TA PANTA) to him, that God may be all (PANTA) things to everyone (PASIN)." [Interesting use of PANTA here. The Father is excluded from PANTA, even TA PANTA.]
Gal 3:22 "But the Scripture delivered up all things [TA PANTA] together to the custody of sin"
All (The All) are under custody of sin...yet it is only the anarthrous PANTAS [John 12:32..in other words "all sorts of"] that are drawn to Jesus' as Savior.
Eph 1:10, 11 "for an administration at the full limit of the appointed times, namely, to gather all things (TA PANTA) together again in the Christ, the things in the heavens and the things on the earth. [Yes,] in him, in union with whom we were also assigned as heirs, in that we were foreordained according to the purpose of him who operates all things (TA PANTA) according to the way his will counsels"
"Paul goes on to speak, not of the world as a whole, but of those who respond to God's call." NIV Study Bible
Eph 1:23 "to the congregation, which is his body, the fullness of him who fills up all things (TA PANTA) in all (PASIN)."
We see here that the TA PANTA (The All)in vss 10,11 refers to the congregation.
Eph 3:9 "and should make men see how the sacred secret is administered which has from the indefinite past been hidden in God, who created all things (TA PANTA)."
Eph 4:10 "The very one that descended is also the one that ascended far above all the heavens, that he might give fullness to all things (TA PANTA)."
Or, "In order to fill the whole universe" NIV, CB Williams NT, NLT, Goodspeed, REB etc.
Eph 4:15 "But speaking the truth, let us by love grow up in all things (TA PANTA) into him who is the head, Christ."
Or, "So shall we fully grow up into Christ." REB
Php 3:8 "Why, for that matter, I do indeed also consider all things (TA PANTA) to be loss on account of the excelling value of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord."
Php 3:21 "who will refashion our humiliated body to be conformed to his glorious body according to the operation of the power that he has, even to subject all things (TA PANTA) to himself."
Col 1:16, 17 "because by means of him all [other] things (TA PANTA) were created in the heavens and upon the earth, the things visible and the things invisible, no matter whether they are thrones or lordships or governments or authorities. All [other] things (TA PANTA) have been created through him and for him. 17 Also, he is before all [other] things (PANTWN) and by means of him all [other] things (TA PANTA) were made to exist."
Again, an interesting use of ALL here in the Greek text. His pre-existence ("he is before all things") is not as definite as his part in creation. But the NWT also uses "other" for TA PANTA as well, since all the verb pertaining to creation are passive. Or, as Barclay's NT puts it, "For he is the agent by whom all things were created, in heaven and upon earth, visible and invisible, spiritual powers and beings, whether they be thrones or lordships or authorities or powers. He is the agent and the goal of all creation. He exists before everything *else,* and everything *else* holds together in him."
The 21st Century NT has "It was he that formed all other things in heaven...all came into existence as a result of him and by means of him."
Col 1:20 "and through him to reconcile again to himself all [other] things (TA PANTA) by making peace through the blood"
I think it is safe to say that Satan is excluded by ALL here. Romans 8:21 says, "that the creation itself also will be set free from enslavement to corruption and have the glorious freedom of the children of God." Believers will be those "children" (see John 1:12).
Col 3:8 "But now really put them all (TA PANTA) away from YOU, wrath, anger, badness, abusive speech, and obscene talk out of YOUR mouth."
1 Tim 6:13 "In the sight of God, who preserves all things (TA PANTA) alive." The footnote in the NWT says "who brings all things to life," see also NIV.
This verse could be used to promote Universalism, if it wasn't for the previous Scripture, "Fight the fine fight of the faith, get a firm hold on the everlasting life for which you were called and you offered the fine public declaration in front of many witnesses." If we will all achieve universal salvation, then why do we need to fight for anything, why do we need to firmly hold on to eternal life"
Heb 1:3 "he sustains all things (TA PANTA) by the word of his power"
Heb 2:8 "'All things (TA PANTA) you subjected under his feet.' For in that he subjected all things (TA PANTA) to him [God] left nothing that is not subject to him."
Heb 2:10 "For it was fitting for the one for whose sake all things (TA PANTA) are and through whom all things (TA PANTA) are, in bringing many sons to glory"
Rev 4:11 "You are worthy, Jehovah, even our God, to receive the glory and the honor and the power, because you created all things (TA PANTA)."

The main reason for posting the above was to show that the New World Translation Committee was careful in their use of ALL, and the differing forms of it, and I think they handled it quite well.
But Gary adds,

"Let's face it, the image of Jesus that the church is portraying to the world is an utter failure. This Jesus says He has all power and authority given to Him, that He loves the whole world and died for it, and yet He will consign the greatest part of humanity to sufferings which would make Hitler's holocaust more humane than God's behavior. And we are surprised that the world does not find the image of Jesus which the church is presenting desirable. If this Jesus loses most of mankind this time around, how can anyone be certain He will fare better on the other side of the grave?"
Reply: Gary also has used this quote, "My thoughts are not your thoughts, nor are your ways my ways," says the LORD.  "For as the heavens are higher than the earth, so are my ways higher than your ways, and my thoughts than your thoughts." (Isaiah 55:8-9)
Does God indeed promise Universal Salvation?
"Enter by the narrow gate; for the gate is wide and the way is easy, that leads to destruction, and those who enter by it are many. For the gate is narrow and the way is hard, that leads to life, and those who find it are few." Matt 7:13, 14 RSV
Is the "few" here the "one" you were hoping for in our conversation Gary? Does it apply to Satan alone? The Greek word here, oligos, is also used at Matt 9:37, "Then he said to his disciples, "The harvest is plentiful, but the laborers are few" and Matt 15:34, "And Jesus said to them, "How many loaves have you?" They said, "Seven, and a few small fish." RSV
Even looking at other occurrences, it usually seems to denote a small, but plural number.

In Matthew 13:30 Jesus in a parable said, "Let both grow together until the harvest; and at harvest time I will tell the reapers, Gather the weeds first and bind them in bundles to be burned, but gather the wheat into my barn.'" RSV
Here unbelievers and believers are spoken of as weeds and wheat. Two classes!
In Matthew 13:49 Jesus said, "So it will be at the close of the age. The angels will come out and separate the evil from the righteous." RSV
Again, two classes are mentioned - unbelievers and believers spoken of as the evil and the righteous.
In Matthew 25:32 Jesus said that following His parousia, "Before him will be gathered all the nations, and he will separate them one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats." RSV
Here believers and unbelievers are differentiated by the terms "sheep" and "goats." The sheep will enter into God's kingdom (vs. 34) and inherit eternal life (vs. 46). The goats go into eternal punishment (vs. 46). Again, two classes.

2 Thess. 1:9, "They shall suffer the punishment of eternal destruction and exclusion from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his might." RSV

Rev. 21:8, "As for the cowardly, the faithless, the polluted, as for murderers, fornicators, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their lot shall be in the lake that burns with fire and sulphur, which is the second death." RSV

God should never be compared to the evils of Hitler, who gave no one a chance at salvation. It was enough for Hitler to kill you simply if you were born into a certain race or religion. No claims of loyalty to him or his cause would have warranted your salvation. God, lovingly, does give eternal life to those knowing him, and His Son (John 17:3).

Gary: "The following scriptures present a strong case of universal salvation in ALL English translations including those that contain the concept of a Hell of everlasting punishment:
1 Tim. 2:1-7; 1 Tim. 4:9-11; Rom. 5:18-21; Rom. 11:25-36; 1 Cor. 15:20-28; Eph. 1:7-11; Phil. 2:9-11; Col. 1:12-23; Heb. 2:5-10; Heb. 9:23-26; John 3:35,35; John 12:32,33; 1 John 3:8; Rom. 8:20,21; Rev. 5:13; Isa. 25:6-8; Phil. 3:21; John 12:47; Gal. 3:8; John 3:17; Psalm 138:4; 2 Cor. 5:14-20; 1 Cor. Chapter 13 all especially verse 8; Psalm 22:27,29; Psalm 65:2-4; John 1:9-13; Psalm 66:3,4; Gen. 18:18; 1 Tim. 4:9-11; and many dozens more."
Reply: Well, let us take a look at all these:
1 Tim 2:1-7, "First of all, then, I urge that supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings be made for all men, for kings and all who are in high positions, that we may lead a quiet and peaceable life, godly and respectful in every way. This is good, and it is acceptable in the sight of God our Savior, who desires all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth. For there is one God, and there is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all, the testimony to which was borne at the proper time. For this I was appointed a preacher and apostle (I am telling the truth, I am not lying), a teacher of the Gentiles in faith and truth." RSV
All the occurrences of ALL here are anarthrous, remember:
"Used without the article it means 'every,' every kind or variety." Vine's
"Without the article *each*...*every kind of.*" UBS Greek New Testament Dictionary
This is why Bishop J.W.C. Wand can render it "all sorts of men" in his New Testament Letters and "all classes of men" in The Epistles of Paul in Modern English by George Barker Stevens, Ph.D., D.D.
Ryrie says of "who desires all men to be saved" that it is "An expression of God's wish, not His decree." NIV Ryrie Study Bible
Weymouth adds Bishop Ellicott's words in a footnote here saying, "All mankind to be saved] Redemption is universal yet conditional; all may be saved, yet all will not be saved, because all will not conform to God's appointed conditions."
1 Tim 4:9-11 "The saying is sure and worthy of full acceptance. For to this end we toil and strive, because we have our hope set on the living God, who is the Savior of all men, especially of those who believe. Command and teach these things."
The "all men" is PANTWN ANQRWPWN, which is again, anarthrous.
Remember:
"Used without the article it means 'every,' every kind or variety." Vine's
"Without the article *each*...*every kind of.*" UBS Greek New Testament Dictionary
This is rendered wonderfully by George Barker Stevens in his The Epistles of Paul in Modern English as "Our hope in God's salvation, which is freely offered to all; but is realized by those who believe IN Christ."

What is really interesting is the way that 1 Timothy ends. Not only do we have an admonishment to fight the fine fight of the faith (6:12), but we "are to do good, to be rich in good deeds, liberal and generous, thus laying up for themselves a good foundation for the future, so that they may take hold of the life which is life indeed. O Timothy, guard what has been entrusted to you. Avoid the godless chatter and contradictions of what is falsely called knowledge, for by professing it some have missed the mark as regards the faith." 6:18-21 RSV
How can we "miss the mark" if we are all destined to be saved? Why should store up treasures by good works if everyone will be universally saved anyways?

Rom. 5:18-21
First, let us look at Romans 5:12:

"For this cause,-just as, through one man, sin into the world entered, and through sin, death,-and, so, unto all men death passed through, for that all had sinned."
Death here did not really spread to ALL men, as it did not spread to Adam. It spread FROM Adam to all men.
Rom 5:18-21 says, "Hence then, as through one fault, the sentence was unto all (PANTAS) men unto condemnation, so, also, through one recovery of righteousness, the decree of favour is unto all (PANTAS) men for righteous acquittal unto life; For, just as, through the disobedience of the one man, sinners, the many were constituted, so, also, through the obedience of the one, righteous, the many shall be constituted-
Law, however, gained admission, in order that the fault might abound, but, where the sin abounded, the favour greatly superabounded:
In order that-just as sin reigned in death, so, also, favour, might reign through righteousness unto life age-abiding, through Jesus Christ our Lord."
Reply: Again, the PANTAS here lacks the definite article.
Remember:
"Used without the article it means 'every,' every kind or variety." Vine's
"Without the article *each*...*every kind of.*" UBS Greek New Testament Dictionary
Also, the ALL here is qualified by the use of the word POLLOI, the MANY.
As it stated in the International English Bible, "through the obedience of one man, many people will be made righteous."
The next chapter of Romans tells us that there are two possibilities, not one universal one.
"For the wages of sin is death, but the GIFT of God is eternal life IN Christ Jesus our Lord." NIV
So eternal life is a gift that must first be received, and it is given to those IN Christ.

Is it fair though, to have all mankind suffer because of the misdeeds of one?
Was it fair for the Hebrews to be denied the Promised Land

Romans 11:25-36:
Rom 11:25 "For I do not want you, brethren, to be uninformed of this mystery--so that you will not be wise in your own estimation--that a partial hardening has happened to Israel until the fullness of the Gentiles has come in;
Rom 11:26 and so all Israel will be saved; just as it is written, "The Deliverer will come from Zion, He will remove ungodliness from Jacob."
Rom 11:27 "This is My covenant with them, When I take away their sins."
Rom 11:28 From the standpoint of the gospel they are enemies for your sake, but from the standpoint of God's choice they are beloved for the sake of the fathers;
Rom 11:29 for the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable.
Rom 11:30 For just as you once were disobedient to God, but now have been shown mercy because of their disobedience,
Rom 11:31 so these also now have been disobedient, that because of the mercy shown to you they also may now be shown mercy.
Rom 11:32 For God has shut up all in disobedience so that He may show mercy to all.
Rom 11:33 ¶ Oh, the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments and unfathomable His ways!
Rom 11:34 For who has known the mind of the Lord, or who became His counselor?
Rom 11:35 Or who has first given to Him that it might be paid back to him again?
Rom 11:36 For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things. To Him be the glory forever. Amen." NASB
Reply: Will ALL Israel (v. 26) really be saved? The scribes and Pharisees won't! "Matt 5:20 says "For I say to you that unless your righteousness surpasses that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven."
These Scriptures are a reference to Isaiah 59:20, where it says, "'The Redeemer will come to Jerusalem,' says the LORD, 'to buy back those in Israel WHO HAVE TURNED FROM THEIR SINS.'"
NLT [Emphasis Mine] Again, we see a qualification to those ALL being saved.
Does "fullness of the Gentiles" indicate that ALL people will be saved? Thayer's has on PLHRWMA, "Etymologically, it has a passive sense...In the NT the body of believers, as that which is filled with the presence, power, agency, riches of God and of Christ."
Wand's translation puts it nicely, "to allow time for the non-Jews to *make up their number* and achieve their goal."
Acts 15:14 says, "Simeon has declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name." AKJV
God TAKES OUT of the Gentiles a people for His Name, he does not take out ALL.

Next: 1 Cor. 15:20-28: Discussed above

Next: Eph. 1:7-11
"In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses,
according to the riches of his grace that he lavished on us. With all wisdom and insight he has made known to us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure that he set forth in Christ, as a plan for the fullness of time, to gather up all things in him, things in heaven and things on earth. In Christ we have also obtained an inheritance, having been destined according to the purpose of him who accomplishes all things according to his counsel and will." NRSV
Reply: The ALL THINGS here (TA PANTA) is qualified by the following Scriptures:
"And you also became God's people WHEN YOU HEARD THE TRUE MESSAGE, THE GOOD NEWS THAT BROUGHT YOU SALVATION. You believed in Christ, and God put his stamp of ownership on you." Ephesians 1:13 TEV
You see, when reading these Scriptures, you cannot make broad assumptions without looking at the context. For instance, when you read "In Christ" this lets you know that this does not include those who are IN ADAM (1 Cor 15:22). I was once IN ADAM, but when responded to the True Message, I became IN CHRIST.
Next: Phil. 2:9-11
"Wherefore also God highly exalted him, and gave unto him the name which is above every (PAN) name; that in the name of Jesus every (PAN) knee should bow, of things in heaven and things on earth and things under the earth, and that every (PASA) tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father."
Reply: Was Jesus GIVEN a Name above even God's Name?
So the ALL here is being used in a qualified way, so it can read:
"God...gave him the name which is above all other names." New Jerusalem Bible or
"God...gave him the name that is greater than any other name." Good News Bible
Every knee should bow, IN the name of Jesus. We certainly would not see Satan and his demons bowing, would we? All those IN Christ will bow to him.

Col. 1:12-23: Discussed above
Click here and here for more.

Heb. 2:5-10: "Thou didst make him for a little while lower than the angels, thou hast crowned him with glory and honor, putting everything in subjection under his feet.' Now in putting everything in subjection to him, he left nothing outside his control. As it is, we do not yet see everything in subjection to him." RSV
Reply: This verse, like all verses that make mention of this subjection under Jesus' feet is expanded upon at Ephesians 1:10, 11: "And this is his plan: At the right time he will bring everything together under the authority of Christ--everything in heaven and on earth. Furthermore, because of Christ, we have received an inheritance from God, for he chose us from the beginning, and all things happen just as he decided long ago." Eph 1:10-11 (NLT)
God will bring everything together under Him, when the tent of God is with mankind, but only after we see "a new heaven and a new earth, for the old heaven and the old earth had disappeared." Rev 21:1-4
This will happen only after certain destruction, and in the meantime, "see to it, brothers and sisters, that none of you has an unbelieving heart that turns away from the living God. But encourage one another daily...so that one of you may be hardened by sins deceitfulness. We have come to share in Christ, if indeed we hold firmly till the end our original conviction." Hebrews 3:12-14 TNIV
Again, a little context tells us that there is a struggle for salvation, and nothing is assured. Paul made this abundantly clear when even he, the greatest of the saints, said at 1 Cor 9:27, "I beat my body and make it my slave so that after I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified for the prize." (NIV) If there was truly a doctrine of universal salvation, why did Paul not embrace it?

Heb. 9:23-26: Whatever you may think of these passages, it has all been numbed by quoting the following verses at Hebrews 9:27, 28: "Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment, so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many people; and he will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for him." (NIV) Those IN CHRIST will have salvation, those not IN CHRIST will face judgment.

John 3:35,36: These verses do not support universal salvation, quite the opposite in fact:

"The Father loves the Son, and has given all things into his hand. He who believes in the Son has eternal life; he who does not obey the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God rests upon him."
John 12:32,33: See above
1 John 3:8: "He who sins is of the devil, for the devil has sinned from the beginning. For this purpose the Son of God was manifested, that He might destroy the works of the devil." NKJV
Reply: No universalism here, especially in light of the following:
"If we say that we have fellowship with Him, and walk in darkness, we lie and do not practice the truth. But if we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus Christ His Son cleanses us from all sin."
1 John 1:6-7 (NKJV) Again, salvation rests on fellowship IN Christ.
Rom. 8:20,21: "For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of Him who subjected it in hope; because the creation itself also will be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God." (NKJV)
Reply: Does "the creation" mean everyone will be delivered? It is difficult to be dogmatic about it, as even BDAG shows, "The mng. [meaning] of KT [KTISIS] is in dispute in Ro 8:19-22, though the pass. is usually taken to mean the waiting of the whole creation *below* the human level (animate and inanimate)." That is one interpretation, though, if we want humans referred to here also, then we must move ahead, where we again see a limitation in vss. 28-30:
"And we know that God causes everything to work together for the good of *those who love God* and are *called according to his purpose* for them. For God knew *his people* in advance, and he *chose them* to become like his Son, so that his Son would be the firstborn, with many brothers and sisters. And *having chosen them, he called them to come to him.* And he gave them right standing with himself, and he promised them his glory." (NLT)
Again, would not this "chosen" group of the creation represent those IN Christ?
Rev. 5:13: "And then I heard every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea. They also sang: "Blessing and honor and glory and power belong to the one sitting on the throne and to the Lamb forever and ever." (NLT)
Reply: Every creature seems to include the fishes and insects, so this verse, like many others in Revelations, must be taken in a figurative way where there is no possibility of certain things happening. The BDAG says of KTISIS, that it can be a "system of established authority that is the result of some founding action, governance system, authority system."
This works well with what we read in verse 10, where we have the elect reigning over earthly ones, chosen from "every tribe, and tongue, and people, and nation." Rev 5:9 ASV
Hence, all sorts of men......see above
Isa. 25:6-8: "On this mountain the LORD Almighty will prepare a feast of rich food for all peoples, a banquet of aged wine-- the best of meats and the finest of wines. On this mountain he will destroy the shroud that enfolds all peoples, the sheet that covers all nations; he will swallow up death forever. The Sovereign LORD will wipe away the tears from all faces; he will remove the disgrace of his people from all the earth. The LORD has spoken." (NIV)
Reply: If we look at the preceding chapter, it tells us, "The earth is defiled by its people; they have disobeyed the laws, violated the statutes and broken the everlasting covenant. Therefore a curse consumes the earth; its people must bear their guilt. Therefore earth's inhabitants are burned up, and very few are left." Isaiah 24:5-6, cf. Rev 21:3, 4 (NIV)
This parallels what the book of Revelations tells us, that after Armageddon, the great day of God the Almighty, where the wicked are removed and the only people left on earth, are those that can truly say, "Behold, this is our God; we have waited for him, and he will save us: this is Jehovah, we have waited for him; we will be glad and rejoice in his salvation." Isa. 25:9 Darby
Who exactly has waited/hoped on Jehovah? Has everyone on earth made known his name and renown? (Is 26:8) No indeed, and this is why "Yahweh emerges from his dwelling to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their guilt." Isa. 26:21 NJB
Again, no universal salvation here.
Phil. 3:21: "who shall fashion anew the body of our humiliation, that it may be conformed to the body of his glory, according to the working whereby he is able even to subject all things unto himself." Revised Version IC-Parkinson
Reply: Have you even read this entire chapter? Let us take a look at a few verses previous. Paul talks about his "pressing on" towards the goal of salvation, knowing he has not attained it yet (vss. 13, 14, and then, "Many people live like enemies of the cross of Christ. I have often told you about them, and it makes me cry to tell you about them now. In the end, they will be destroyed. They do whatever their bodies want, they are proud of their shameful acts, and they think only about earthly things. But our homeland is in heaven." Phil 3:18-20 (NCV)
Jesus may have the power to bring everything under his control, but he uses this power on those "who work out" their "salvation with fear and trembling," "children of God without fault in a crooked and depraved generation, in which you shine like stars in the universe." Php 2:13-15 NIV
Again, two classes of people, those that are wicked, and the "all people/things" that will survive the coming destruction.
John 12:47: "And if anyone hears My words and does not believe, I do not judge him; for I did not come to judge the world but to save the world." (NKJV)
Reply: The Universalist application of this verse is refuted by the following passage, "He who rejects Me, and does not receive My words, has that which judges him--the word that I have spoken will judge him in the last day."
John 12:48 (NKJV) The Son will not judge the world, but his Father will, based on our rejection or acceptance of Christ.
Gal. 3:8: "And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel to Abraham beforehand, saying, "In you all the nations shall be blessed." (NKJV)
Reply: This, again, applies to Christians, as verse 14, tell us "that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the Gentiles IN CHRIST Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith." Gal 3:14 (NKJV)
John 3:17: "God did not send his Son into the world to condemn it, but to save it." NLT
Reply: Again, reading the following passage clears up any confusion, as was the case with John 12:47 above:
"There is no judgment awaiting those who trust him. But those who do not trust him have already been judged for not believing in the only Son of God." John 3:17-18 (NLT)
Psalm 138:4: "All the kings of the earth shall praise thee, O LORD, when they hear the words of thy mouth." KJV
Reply: This prophetic verse has a millennial application. "This prophecy will not be fulfilled until the millenial reign of Christ." See footnote Ps 72:8 Ryrie Study Bible
There will, of course be a time when all will praise God, but not before He "shall break in pieces and consume all" the kingdoms of the world. Dan 2:44 KJV

2 Cor. 5:14-20. These Scriptures only back my claim, that those IN CHRIST take part in the new creation, and this salvation has stipulations, "Wherefore Come ye out from among them, and be ye separate, saith the Lord, And touch no unclean thing; And I will receive you, And will be to you a Father, And ye shall be to me sons and daughters, saith the Lord Almighty." 2 Cor 6:17 ASV

1 Cor. 13 all especially verse 8. No universalism here either.

Psalm 22:27,29: "All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn unto Jehovah; And all the kindreds of the nations shall worship before thee...All the fat ones of the earth shall eat and worship: All they that go down to the dust shall bow before him, Even he that cannot keep his soul alive." ASV
Reply: Another apocalyptic prophecy, much like the one at Psalm 37:8, "For evil-doers shall be cut off; But those that wait for Jehovah, they shall inherit the land." ASV
When the evil-doers are done away with, then all the earth will be ones that have waited on Jehovah.
Psalm 65:2-4: "O You who hear prayer, To You all men come. Iniquities prevail against me; As for our transgressions, You forgive them. How blessed is the one whom You choose and bring near to You To dwell in Your courts. We will be satisfied with the goodness of Your house, Your holy temple." NASB
Reply: The above talks of the one God chooses. Hence, there are those whom God does not choose, and it for these that the Psalmist can say at Ps 69:27, 28 "Add iniquity to their iniquity, And may they not come into Your righteousness. May they be blotted out of the book of life And may they not be recorded with the righteous." There is no Universalism in the book of Psalms.
John 1:9-13: There was the true Light which, coming into the world, enlightens every [PANTA] man. He was in the world, and the world was made through Him, and the world did not know Him. He came to His own, and those who were His own did not receive Him. But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, even to those who believe in His name, who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God." NASB
Reply: The ALL/PANTA here is anarthrous, remember:
"Used without the article it means 'every,' every kind or variety." Vine's
"Without the article *each*...*every kind of.*" UBS Greek New Testament Dictionary
In other words, all sorts of men can receive the light of Christ, as long as they receive him.
Psalm 66:3,4: "Say to God, "How awesome are your deeds! So great is your power that your enemies cringe before you. All the earth bows down to you; they sing praise to you, they sing praise to your name." (NIV)
Reply: If Satan is walking on earth (Job 1:7), and is certainly an enemy, will he also bow before God and become a recipient of this universal salvation? Let us be reasonable. Looking further on in Psalms, we read, "God, arise and defend yourself. Remember the insults that come from those foolish people all day long. Don't forget what your enemies said; don't forget their roar as they rise against you always." Psalms 74:23 (NCV)
Gen. 18:18: "seeing that Abraham shall become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall bless themselves by him?" RSV
Reply: "God's original blessing on all mankind (Gen 1:28) would be restored and fulfilled through Abram and his offspring." NIV Study Bible Gen 12:2-3
But it will be Abraham's spiritual descendants who bear this fulfillment in its greatest form:
"Thus Abraham "believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness." So you see that it is men of faith who are the sons of Abraham. And the scripture, foreseeing that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel beforehand to Abraham, saying, "In you shall all the nations be blessed." So then, those who are men of faith are blessed with Abraham who had faith." Gal 3:6-10 RSV
1 Tim. 4:9-11; and many dozens more."
Reply: This one was already used above.
As we have seen though, the use of ALL in the Bible has its limitations based in the Greek. Having checked every occurrence of ALLOS and hETEROS (usually rendered OTHER, as in ALL OTHER) in the Greek text, and I could not find any occurrence of these words alongside PAS/PANTA. Obviously, the target audience for the Greek knew of the limitations of this word.
The Bible does NOT advocate Universal Salvation, but a God who will render Justice and will save small remnant. When God destroyed the world in Noah's time, only eight persons survived (1 Peter 3:20).
When the Israelites wandered the wilderness for 40 years, only Joshua and Caleb were guaranteed entry into the Promised Land (Numbers 14:29, 30). And again, at the end of the age, only a few are promised life:
"Enter ye in by the narrow gate: for wide is the gate, and broad is the way, that leadeth to destruction, and many are they that enter in thereby. For narrow is the gate, and straitened the way, that leadeth unto life, and few are they that find it." Matt 7:13, 14 ASV
"And one said unto him, Lord, are they few that are saved? And he said unto them, Strive to enter in by the narrow door: for many, I say unto you, shall seek to enter in, and shall not be able." Luke 13:23, 24 ASV
The OLIGOS (few) mentioned here is not the ONE, as has been explained to me, but it is in the plural form, OLIGOI.
Other occurrences of this word are at Matthew 9:37, "the laborers are few."
Matt 22:14, "For many are called, but few chosen."
1 Pet 3:20, "when the longsuffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water."
Consider also the following that speak against Universalism, from the ASV:
Matt 5:5, "Blessed are the meek: for they shall inherit the earth."
Luk 13:26, 27, "then shall ye begin to say, We did eat and drink in thy presence, and thou didst teach in our streets; and he shall say, I tell you, I know not whence ye are; depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity."
Romans 9:27, "And Isaiah crieth concerning Israel, If the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, it is the remnant that shall be saved."
Gal. 5:2-4 "You who are trying to be justified by law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace."
Lk. 8:13 "Those on the rock are the ones who receive the word with joy when they hear it, but they have no root. They believe for a while, but in the time of testing they fall away."
Rev 21:8 "But the cowardly, the unbelieving, the vile, the murderers, the sexually immoral, those who practice magic arts, the idolaters and all liars—their place will be in the fiery lake of burning sulfur. This is the second death."
1 Tim 1:19, 21: "holding on to faith and a good conscience. Some have rejected these and so have shipwrecked their faith. Among them are Hymenaeus and Alexander, whom I have handed over to Satan to be taught not to blaspheme."
Gal 6:8,9 "The one who sows to please his sinful nature, from that nature will reap destruction; the one who sows to please the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up."
Rom 2:7 "To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor and immortality, he will give eternal life."
Jn. 5:29 "Those who have done good will rise to live, and those who have done evil will rise to be condemned"
Heb. 6:6 "and then fell away, it is impossible to renew them again unto repentance; seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, and put him to an open shame."
2 Pet. 1:10: "Wherefore, brethren, give the more diligence to make your calling and election sure: for if ye do these things, ye shall never stumble."
2 Pet. 3:17: "Ye therefore, beloved, knowing these things beforehand, beware lest, being carried away with the error of the wicked, ye fall from your own stedfastness."
"And ye shall be hated of all men for my name’s sake: but he that endureth to the end shall be saved." (Mt. 10:22).
"Do not be afraid of what you are about to suffer. I tell you, the devil will put some of you in prison to test you, and you will suffer persecution for ten days. Be faithful, even to the point of death, and I will give you the crown of life. He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. He who overcomes will not be hurt at all by the second death." (Rev. 2:10,11).
"We have come to share in Christ if we hold firmly till the end the confidence we had at first." (Heb. 3:14).
"By this gospel you are saved, if you hold firmly to the word I preached to you. Otherwise, you have believed in vain." (1 Cor. 15:2).
"But now he has reconciled you by Christ’s physical body through death to present you holy in his sight, without blemish and free from accusation—if you continue in your faith, established and firm, not moved from the hope held out in the gospel. This is the gospel that you heard and that has been proclaimed to every creature under heaven, and of which I, Paul, have become a servant." (Col. 1:22,23).
"Do you not know that the wicked will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor homosexual offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God." (1 Cor 6:9-10).
"the path of the wicked is doomed." Ps 1:6 NJB
There is a  frequent Old Testament phrase which is gow we should view the KOLASIN at Matt 25:46:
*shall be cut off from his people*"
Let us take a look at those scriptures:
Gen 17:14, "And the uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his people. He hath broken my covenant."
Ex 30:33, 38, "Whosoever compoundeth any like it, or whosoever putteth any of it upon a stranger, he shall be cut off from his people...Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereof, he shall be cut off from his people."
Lev 7:20, 21, 25, 27, "But the soul that eateth of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, that pertain unto Jehovah, having his uncleanness upon him, that soul shall be cut off from his people... And when any one shall touch any unclean thing, the uncleanness of man, or an unclean beast, or any unclean abomination, and eat of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace-offerings, which pertain unto Jehovah, that soul shall be cut off from his people... For whosoever eateth the fat of the beast, of which men offer an offering made by fire unto Jehovah, even the soul that eateth it shall be cut off from his people...Whosoever it be that eateth any blood, that soul shall be cut off from his people."
Num 9:13. "But the man that is clean, and is not on a journey, and forbeareth to keep the passover, that soul shall be cut off from his people."
see also Ex 9:15; 12:15, 19; 31:14; Lev 17:4, 9, 14; 18:29; 19:8; 20:17, 18; 22:3; 23:29; Num 15:30, 31; 19:13, 20; Deut 12:29; 19:1; 2Sam 7:9 etc
Biblically, the antithesis of life is...death. See Num 35:31; Deut 30:15, 19; Jg 16:30; 2Sam 15:21; Ps 78:50; Prov 12:28; 13:14; 14:27; 18:21; Jer 8:3; 21:8; 52:34; Jn 5:24; Rom 5:10, 17, 21; 6:4, 10; 7:10; 8:6, 38, 1Cor 3:22; 2Cor 2:16; 4:11,12; Php 1:20; 1Jn 3:14;
5:16; Rev 2:10; 12:11.
The Bible has always held out one hope to the opposite of another:
Prov 11: 19 He that is stedfast in righteousness shall attain unto life; And he that pursueth evil
doeth it to his own death.
Rom 6:23 For the wages of sin is death; but the free gift of God is eternal life IN Christ Jesus our Lord.
"For evil-doers shall be cut off; But those that wait for Jehovah, they shall inherit the land." Ps 37:9

That there are differing viewpoints of salvation should not surprise us, as it was foretold, "Behold, the days come, saith the Lord Jehovah, that I will send a famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the words of Jehovah." Amos 8:11 ASV
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Eze. 33:12-19 -- "Therefore, son of man, say to your countrymen, The righteousness of the righteous man will not save him when he disobeys, and the wickedness of the wicked man will not cause him to fall when he turns from it.
The righteous man, if he sins, will not be allowed to live because of his former righteousness.
If I tell the righteous man that he will surely live, but then he trusts in his righteousness and does evil, none of the righteous things he has done will be remembered; he will die for the evil he has done.
And if I say to the wicked man, You will surely die, but he then turns away from his sins and does what is just and right -- if he gives back what he took in pledge for a loan, returns what he has stolen, follows the decrees that give life, and does no evil, he will surely live; he will not die. None of the sins he has committed will be remembered against him; he will surely live.
Yet your countrymen say, "The way of the Lord is not just." But it is their way that is not just. If a righteous man turns from his righteousness and does evil, he will die for it.
And if a wicked man turns away from his wickedness and does what is just and right, he will live by doing so."



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